1. Akopọ

Awọn ohun elo iyalẹnu amphoteric tọka si awọn ẹgbẹ hydrophilic cationic mejeeji ati awọn ẹgbẹ hydrophobic anionic ninu ilana molikula, eyiti o le jẹ ionized ni ojutu olomi ati ṣafihan awọn abuda ti awọn onija alamọ-ara anionic labẹ ipo alabọde kan, ṣugbọn labẹ ipo alabọde miiran O jẹ kilasi ti awọn oniye ti ṣe afihan awọn abuda ti awọn iyalẹnu cationic.

Bactine-iru amphoteric surfactants tọka si kilasi ti awọn agbo ogun ti iṣeto wọn jẹ iru ti betaine ọja abayọ. Orukọ kemikali ti betaine jẹ trimethylammonium acetate. O jẹ ọja abayọ ti a rii nipasẹ Scheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) ati yapa lati oje beet. Scheibler ti a npè ni betaine beta-in lẹhin orukọ Latin rẹ beta vulgaris.

Ni ọdun 1876, Bruhl gba ọrọ betaine o daba pe awọn akopọ pẹlu awọn ẹya ti o jọra bi awọn ọja abayọ ni orukọ “betaines“, Eyiti o jẹ awọn iyalẹnu amphoteric ti iru betaine-iru. Awọn ohun alumọni Bhoine iru amphoteric surfactants le pin si iru acid carboxylic, iru sulfonic acid, iru imi-ọjọ, iru sulfite, iru fosifeti, iru iru phosphite, iru acid phosphonic ati iru irufẹ irufẹ iru ti iru ẹgbẹ acid. . Lọwọlọwọ, awọn iwadii ti ile lori awọn eeyan ti betaine n ṣiṣẹ pupọ. Ninu wọn, iru acid carboxylic, iru sulfonic acid ati awọn ọja iru fosifeti ti ni ijabọ diẹ sii.

Pupọ julọ awọn ile-iṣẹ idiyele idiyele ti betaact-iru amphoteric surfactants ni a ṣe atilẹyin lori quomsern ammonium N awọn ọta, lakoko ti awọn ile-iṣẹ idiyele odi ni atilẹyin lori awọn ẹgbẹ acid ti ko ni agbara. Iyatọ laarin awọn onija iru amphoteric iru betaine ati awọn alafifoji amphoteric miiran ni pe nitori wiwa quarternary ammonium nitrogen ninu molikula, kii yoo si tẹlẹ ni irisi awọn onija-ara anionic ni awọn ipilẹ ipilẹ. Ni awọn sakani pH oriṣiriṣi, awọn alafasọti amphoteric iru betaine yoo wa tẹlẹ ni irisi zwitterionic tabi awọn iyalẹnu cationic. Nitorinaa, ni agbegbe isoelectric, awọn onija amphoteric betaine kii ṣe itara si idinku didasilẹ ni solubility bi awọn alatako amphoteric miiran pẹlu nitrogen ipilẹ alailagbara.

Awọn ohun alumọni ti o ni irufẹ Betaine tun yatọ si awọn iyalẹnu cationic. Diẹ ninu awọn oniwadi (Beckett AH 1963) gbagbọ pe o yẹ ki o wa ni tito lẹtọ bi “ipin quanternary ammonium salt amphoteric surfactant”; Moore CD (1960) gbagbọ pe o yẹ ki o wa ni tito lẹtọ bi “iyọ iyọ ammonium quaternary”. Kii awọn iyalẹnu cationic gẹgẹbi “awọn iyalẹnu iyọ iyọ ammonium quaternary ita”, iru awọn ohun alumọni irufẹ betaine ni a le lo ni apapo pẹlu awọn oniroyin anionic ati pe kii yoo ṣe awọn agbo-ogun “didoju ọna itanna”.

Awọn ohun alumọni ti o ni iru Betaine jẹ ẹya pataki ti awọn oniho amphoteric. O ni ibaramu ti o dara julọ pẹlu anionic, cationic ati surfactants nonionic, ni awọn ipa amuṣiṣẹpọ ti o dara julọ, ati pe o jẹ irẹlẹ ni iseda. O ni awọn ohun-ini antistatic ti o dara, awọn ohun-ini kokoro, awọn ohun-ini alatako, ati pe o jẹ ibajẹ ibajẹ ni rọọrun. O ti lo ni lilo pupọ ni ile-iṣẹ kemikali ojoojumọ. Pẹlu jijin ti iwadii, diẹ sii awọn onija iru iru betaine yoo ni idagbasoke ati lilo.

2. Ilọsiwaju iwadii ti iru awọn betaf-iru amphoteric surfactants

Ni ibẹrẹ bi 1869, Liebreich O. lo trimethylamine lati ṣeto betaine; ni ọdun 1937, ijabọ itọsi akọkọ ti awọn alafasita amphoteric farahan ni United Kingdom, ati ni ọdun 1940 DuPont royin akọkọ betaine jara (Betaine) amphoteric surfactants. Lati igbanna, ọpọlọpọ awọn orilẹ-ede ti bẹrẹ lati ṣe iwadii ati dagbasoke awọn ohun ti n ṣe amọja pẹlu awọn agbo ogun betaine. Pẹlu ohun elo npo tibetaine surfactants, iyara ti iwadii ni aaye yii tun n yara. Ni awọn ọdun aipẹ, ọpọlọpọ awọn ọja tuntun ti ni idagbasoke.

Xu Jinyun et al. pese octadecyl betaine pẹlu amine octadecyl tertiary, chloroacetic acid, ati iṣuu soda hydroxide bi awọn ohun elo aise, ati idanwo ẹdọfu oju-aye rẹ, awọn ohun-ini antistatic, awọn ohun-ini imulsifying ati awọn ohun-elo elo miiran. A ṣe afiwe betaine ipilẹ. Zhang Li ati awọn miiran ti tun ṣe diẹ ninu iwadi lori kemistri wiwo ti surfactant yii, gẹgẹbi aifọkanbalẹ oju, microemulsion ati awọn ipilẹ igbekale.

Chen Zonggang ati awọn miiran fesi pẹlu stearic acid ati triethanolamine lati ṣe ina steethanolamine stearate, ati ṣakoso ipin ti awọn ifaseyin lati ṣe ọja ni akọkọ apaniyan, ati lẹhinna fesi pẹlu quaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate lati ṣe agbekalẹ esteri ọra-olomi triethanolamine. A le lo surfactant yii gẹgẹbi oluranlowo mimu fun titẹjade ati dyeing. Irẹlẹ rẹ sunmọ si epo silikoni amino, funfun rẹ ati wettability dara julọ ju epo amino amọ, ati pe o jẹ ibajẹ ibajẹ ni irọrun. O jẹ ọja ti ko ni ayika.

FangYiwen etal. sise lauroamidopropyl betaine pẹlu N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine ati iṣuu soda chloroacetate bi awọn ohun elo aise. Ọja naa ni foomu giga, imuduro foomu ati awọn ohun-ini fifẹ. , Ibamu to dara pẹlu awọn paati miiran ni shampulu.

Chen Hongling et al. ṣe akopọ sulfoimidazoline mejibetaines lilo iṣuu soda 2-bromoethyl sulfonate bi ohun elo ipilẹ hydrophilic ati alkyl imidazoline ati idanwo awọn ohun-ini ti ara ati kemikali wọn. Ilana agbekalẹ jẹ bi atẹle.

Jiang Liubo gba N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine nipa yiyọ iṣuu soda lati soda l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate ati lauramide dimethylpropylamine nipasẹ iṣesi, ọkọọkan Awọn itọka imọ-ẹrọ jẹ ipilẹ laini pẹlu awọn ọja orukọ-ọja ti a ko wọle. O ni iṣe pẹlẹ, ibinu kekere pupọ, ọlọrọ ati foomu ti o dara, ati idena omi ti o dara julọ ati sterilization.

Nonglanping nlo dodecanol, epichlorohydrin, chloroethanol ati dimethylamine bi awọn ohun elo aise, ati P2O5 bi reagent phosphorylation, ati orukọ sintetiki ni 2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

Cen Bo et al. yapa ati sọ dihydroabietylamine ti a wẹ di mimọ lati amine rosin ti ko ni idapọ, ati lẹhinna ṣapọ N-dehydroabietyl-N nipasẹ N, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine bi ohun elo aise. N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine ati chloride rẹ jẹ oriṣi tuntun meji ti awọn oniho amphoteric betaine.

 

Wang Jun et al. ṣapọ iru betaine iru amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine pẹlu epichlorohydrin, iṣuu soda bisulfite ati ile-iwe giga dodecyl amine bi awọn ohun elo aise, Awọn ipo ifaseyin ni iṣapeye.

 

Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. ti pese awọn ohun elo amphoteric iru tuntun betaine tuntun ti o ni eto pq polyoxyethylene nipasẹ ṣiṣe amini alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl tertiary amine pẹlu chloroacetic acid tabi chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Mọ iṣelọpọ iṣelọpọ.

 

Awọn orilẹ-ede ajeji tun wa ni ipele oludari ni aaye ti betaine surfactants, ati pe iwadi wọn ati iṣẹ idagbasoke yẹ fun akiyesi ni kikun ati itọkasi iwadi. Fun apẹẹrẹ, Chew, CH, ati bẹbẹ lọ ṣe adapọ polymer ti o ni iru betaine iru pẹlu AUDMAA pẹlu acryloyl kiloraidi 1-pyridinedecanol ati aminoacetic acid. Idojukọ micelle pataki rẹ ni 24 ℃ jẹ 9.42 × 10-3mol / L. Agbara imuṣiṣẹ polymerization jẹ 50.2kJ / mol. Furuno Takeshi et al. ṣe idapọpọ awọn ohun alumọni iru betaine tuntun N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine ati N- (fatty acid ester) ethyl- pẹlu acid tarot epo ọra bi ohun elo aise. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

Ni awọn ọdun aipẹ, ọpọlọpọ awọn idagbasoke ti o ni itẹlọrun ti wa ninu awọn ohun-ini ti ara ati ti kemikali ti betaine surfactants. Fun apẹẹrẹ: YousukeOne, ati bẹbẹ lọ (dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, oleic acid) -dimethyl betaine koko, ihuwasi aisi-itanna ti ojutu micellar ti betaine surfactant ti kẹkọọ. Ko ni nkankan lati ṣe pẹlu ifọkansi ti awọn micelles, ati pe agbara isinmi ti ojutu surfactant amphoteric yipada ni ibamu si ifọkansi, eyiti o jọra si aminoglycolato betaine eyiti o ni ilana kemikali betaine ṣugbọn kii ṣe iyalẹnu kan. Awọn abajade ti o fihan pe oju micelle ti surfactant amphoteric tun ni akoko dipole kanna bi ojutu glycine betaine.